The focus of international support – supported by the IMF – in the implementation of the State Program on Poverty Reduction and Economic Development 2003-2005 (strategy paper 2003) was the expansion of the energy sector (over 80% of all investments), economic reforms, poverty reduction, and health and education. Since Georgia’s independence until 2008, the EU… Read More »
Crisis Management Plan for the Construction Industry The state provides a 5-year subsidy of 4% of the mortgage loan interest rate. The grant is granted on loans of up to GEL 200,000. The state will provide a mortgage loan guarantee (up to GEL 200,000) equal to 20% of the loan amount for 5 years from… Read More »
Economy Georgia declared its independence in 1991. Although President Eduard Shevardnadze introduced basic democratic rules, he did not fight corruption. Poverty and unemployment increased – despite above-average foreign aid. More and more people emigrated to Russia or the European Union. The so-called “Rose Revolution” ushered in a change of power in November 2003, but M.… Read More »
Georgia – with approx. 25,000 rivers, over 12,000 historical monuments, a strong spatial differentiation and a multitude of cultural landscapes in a very small area – is located in the demarcation to the Russian Federation and seeks proximity to Western Europe. A process with eruptions and contradictions, opportunities and problems. Further progress in rapprochement with… Read More »
Georgia acceded to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in October 1993. As a result of the war of August 2008, Tbilisi decided to leave the CIS on August 14, 2008, which took effect one year later. As a kind of counterbalance, regional cooperation with Moldova, Ukraine and Azerbaijan is attempted within the framework of… Read More »
Human rights In terms of (constitutional) law, all citizens of As have equal rights and obligations. Corresponding international declarations were also signed and almost all of them ratified (see OHCHR Country Profile Georgia). On the day of human rights, on December 9th 2011, the EU ambassador P. Dimitrev both in Georgia and abroad, in regard… Read More »
Georgia is a democratic republic with a strong presidential apparatus and centralized administration. Critics also speak of a “defective democracy” and “authoritarian liberalism” (FES, Jobelius), because although access to politics is formally secured through free and secret elections, political and civil rights are repeatedly restricted and independent control of violence is not or only inadequately… Read More »
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the state of Georgia, three provinces have shown tendencies to secede or become independent: Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Ajaria. (Background up to 2004 BpB; Jan. 2014 BpB) In 1992 there were bloody clashes between Abkhazian separatists and Georgian military in Abkhazia. Hundreds of thousands… Read More »
Georgia extends over a length of 450 km southwest of the steeply sloping mountains of the Greater Caucasus over intermediate mountains to the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. While the Greater Caucasus protects the country from Russia’s harsh continental climate, it divides the Lichi Mountains into a western and an eastern part. Two thirds… Read More »
Legislative branch The Georgian National Assembly is a unicameral parliament with 150 seats (75 list places and 75 direct seats). It is elected every four years and controls the government. It has the right to recall the government and high officials with a three-fifths majority. It can also take over from the president if he… Read More »